About the plant
What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.
The plant
- Habit
- Perennial, Shrub, Tree
- Height
- 11.0 ft
- Flower
- Orange
- Blooms
- Late Spring
- Native range
- Native to the lower 48 states
Growing conditions
- Sun
- Shade tolerance: High
- Moisture
- Moisture use: Low
Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.
Source: PLANTS Database — USDA NRCS.
Two sources report 4 treatments between them. All are shown.
Protocol 1
DerivedSER, INSR and RBG Kew, 2026Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 15, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Sow on the surface — do not cover
Temperature: 79°F 26°C · Light: either · Medium: 1% agar
12 hours light, 12 dark.
No stated waiting before sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.
90% germination.
Warmth, not GA-3: 90% at 79F against Deno's 8% at 70F.
Protocol 2
DerivedSER, INSR and RBG Kew, 2026Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 15, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Sow on the surface — do not cover
Temperature: 88°F 31°C · Light: either · Medium: 1% agar · Amount: 101 mg/l KNO3
12 hours light, 12 dark.
No stated waiting before sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.
80% germination.
Protocol 3
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 8, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
- 2
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 28 days to germinate.
8% germination in 28 days.
Deno's experiment was only six weeks old when he wrote it up.
Protocol 4
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993- 1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
None germinated.
No stated waiting before sowing.
0% germination.