About the plant
What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.
- Habit
- Perennial, Forb/herb
Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.
Source: PLANTS Database — USDA NRCS.
This source reports three treatments. All are shown.
Protocol 1
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around September 27, 2026 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Dry storage
Duration: 180 days · Temperature: 70°F 21°C
Deno got the same from six months at 40.
- 2
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: either
about 6 months from start to sowing. Then 10 days to germinate.
100% germination in 4–10 days.
Six months dry at 70 or 40, either one. A remarkable result for so aquatic a plant.
Protocol 2
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around February 8, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Cold moist stratification
Temperature: 40°F 4°C · Light: either
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 56 days to germinate.
81% germination in 21–56 days.
If the seed is fresh, sow it cold: 81% against 20% at 70.
This source doesn't state how long.
Protocol 3
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 9, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: either
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 27 days to germinate.
20% germination in 2–27 days.
Fresh seed at 70 gives a fifth of what dry-stored seed gives, and unevenly.