Mendel’s Gardens

Plagiorhegma dubium

Asian Twinleaf

Family BerberidaceaeGenus Plagiorhegma

Also published as Jeffersonia dubia. You are in the right place.

About the plant

What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.

Note
Germination is hypogeal: a four-inch radicle first, the single leaf a week or two later.

Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.

Source: Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno.

This source reports 4 treatments. All are shown.

Protocol 1

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Low Rated by us, not by the source.

Sow around June 2027 — a date the source gives, not one counted back from a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on June 2026.

  1. Sow outdoors and leave it

    Sown outdoors in June; up the following March.

No stated waiting before sowing. Then 270 days to germinate.

48% germination in 270 days.

Sowing outdoors beat two years of cycling. The prominent aril need not be removed.

This source doesn't state how long.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, JeffersoniaPublic domain
Show the original text
Jeffersonia (Berberidaceae). For the two species studied, DS is fatal with only a few percent surviving DS 6 m 40 and none surviving DS 6 m 70. Some of the fresh seeds rot quickly after contacting moisture and these are internally infected. J. dubia germ. 48% in March in outdoor treatment from seed collected the previous June. Seed also germ. 70-40(4%)-70-40(2%)-70(4%)-40(14%)-70(24%)-40(6%)-70-40-70(2%) and 40-70-40(8%)-70. There is a prominent aril. Removal of this aril has no effect. As with J. diphylla germination is hypogeal, and the single true leaf usually emerges a week or two after the radicle has finished lengthening to four inches. Also like J. diphylla, about half of the seedlings had the radicle ultimately rot and the seedling die before leaf emergence.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Jeffersonia. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 2

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Very high Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around June 24, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on June 23, 2025.

  1. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    Deno gives no cycle lengths here; three months is his standard cycle.

  2. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    4% in the first cold period.

  3. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  4. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    A further 2%.

  5. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    A further 4%.

  6. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    A further 14%.

  7. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    24% -- the largest flush.

  8. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    A further 6%.

  9. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  10. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

  11. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

    A last 2%.

Steps after step 7 run on after germination.

about 1.5 years from start to sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.

24% germination.

56% in all, across eleven cycles -- the better part of three years for what June sowing gives in nine months.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, JeffersoniaPublic domain
Show the original text
Jeffersonia (Berberidaceae). For the two species studied, DS is fatal with only a few percent surviving DS 6 m 40 and none surviving DS 6 m 70. Some of the fresh seeds rot quickly after contacting moisture and these are internally infected. J. dubia germ. 48% in March in outdoor treatment from seed collected the previous June. Seed also germ. 70-40(4%)-70-40(2%)-70(4%)-40(14%)-70(24%)-40(6%)-70-40-70(2%) and 40-70-40(8%)-70. There is a prominent aril. Removal of this aril has no effect. As with J. diphylla germination is hypogeal, and the single true leaf usually emerges a week or two after the radicle has finished lengthening to four inches. Also like J. diphylla, about half of the seedlings had the radicle ultimately rot and the seedling die before leaf emergence.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Jeffersonia. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 3

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993

Difficulty Very high Rated by us, not by the source.

Start around June 19, 2027 for a May 3 last frost. Too late for spring 2027 — that needed starting on June 18, 2026.

  1. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    Deno gives no cycle lengths here; three months is his standard cycle.

  2. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  3. Cold moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C

    8%, and nothing in the cycle that followed.

  4. Warm moist stratification

    Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

Steps after step 3 run on after germination.

about 9 months from start to sowing. Germination time not stated; 21 days assumed.

8% germination.

Eight per cent in the second cold period, and nothing after it.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, JeffersoniaPublic domain
Show the original text
Jeffersonia (Berberidaceae). For the two species studied, DS is fatal with only a few percent surviving DS 6 m 40 and none surviving DS 6 m 70. Some of the fresh seeds rot quickly after contacting moisture and these are internally infected. J. dubia germ. 48% in March in outdoor treatment from seed collected the previous June. Seed also germ. 70-40(4%)-70-40(2%)-70(4%)-40(14%)-70(24%)-40(6%)-70-40-70(2%) and 40-70-40(8%)-70. There is a prominent aril. Removal of this aril has no effect. As with J. diphylla germination is hypogeal, and the single true leaf usually emerges a week or two after the radicle has finished lengthening to four inches. Also like J. diphylla, about half of the seedlings had the radicle ultimately rot and the seedling die before leaf emergence.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Jeffersonia. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record, except the difficulty rating, which is ours; the step names come from a fixed list.

Protocol 4

DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993
  1. Dry storage

    Duration: 180 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C

  2. Sow and cover

    None survived the dry storage.

about 6 months from start to sowing.

0% germination.

Dry storage is fatal. Six months at 40 left a few per cent alive; six months at 70 left none.

Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno, 1993 · Ch. 20, JeffersoniaPublic domain
Show the original text
Jeffersonia (Berberidaceae). For the two species studied, DS is fatal with only a few percent surviving DS 6 m 40 and none surviving DS 6 m 70. Some of the fresh seeds rot quickly after contacting moisture and these are internally infected. J. dubia germ. 48% in March in outdoor treatment from seed collected the previous June. Seed also germ. 70-40(4%)-70-40(2%)-70(4%)-40(14%)-70(24%)-40(6%)-70-40-70(2%) and 40-70-40(8%)-70. There is a prominent aril. Removal of this aril has no effect. As with J. diphylla germination is hypogeal, and the single true leaf usually emerges a week or two after the radicle has finished lengthening to four inches. Also like J. diphylla, about half of the seedlings had the radicle ultimately rot and the seedling die before leaf emergence.
Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., Ch. 20, Jeffersonia. Quoted exactly. Every value on this card comes from this record; the step names come from a fixed list.