Quercus phellos
Willow Oak
About the plant
What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.
Safety
- Toxicity
- Poisonous to horse, cattle. Acorns, young leaves. Gallotannins, quercitrin, and quercitin. Stated for Quercus spp.Plants Poisonous to Livestock
- Toxicity
- Low severity. Leaves, Seeds. Gallotannins, quercitrin, and quercitin.Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox
The plant
- Habit
- TreePlant Finder
- Habit
- Perennial, TreePLANTS Database
- Height
- 40-75 ftPlant Finder
- Height
- 100.0 ftPLANTS Database
- Spread
- 25-50 ftPlant Finder
- Flower
- Insignificant; yellow-greenPlant Finder
- Flower
- YellowPLANTS Database
- Blooms
- AprilPlant Finder
- Blooms
- Mid SpringPLANTS Database
- Native range
- Southeastern United StatesPlant Finder
- Native range
- Native to the lower 48 statesPLANTS Database
- Hardiness zones
- 5-9Plant Finder
- Note
- Tolerates clay, wet soil and city air.Plant Finder
Growing conditions
- Sun
- Full sunPlant Finder
- Sun
- Shade tolerance: HighPLANTS Database
- Soil
- Average, medium to wet, well-drainedPlant Finder
- Moisture
- Medium to wetPlant Finder
- Moisture
- Moisture use: HighPLANTS Database
- Watering
- Medium to wetPlant Finder
Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.
Sources: Plant Finder — Missouri Botanical Garden; PLANTS Database — USDA NRCS; Plants Poisonous to Livestock — Cornell University Department of Animal Science; Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.
Protocol
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993Difficulty Very high
Warm moist stratification
Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 70°F 21°C
Deno gives no length for this period; three months is his standard cycle.
Cold moist stratification
Duration: 90 daysTemperature: 40°F 4°C
Warm moist stratification
Temperature: 70°F 21°C
One of thirteen, on the second day.
about 6 months from start to sowing. Then 2 days to germinate.
8% germination in 2 days.
One acorn of thirteen, on the second day of the third period. The only run Deno reports.
This source doesn't state how long.