About the plant
What it is and where it grows — not part of any germination protocol.
- Habit
- Perennial, ShrubPLANTS Database
- Native range
- Canada, lower 48 statesPLANTS Database
- Note
- Ungerminated seed stayed green and photosynthesising for a month, then rotted without a radicle.Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed.
Toxicity is noted only where a source states it. No note here is not a finding of safety.
Sources: PLANTS Database — USDA NRCS; Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. — N. C. Deno.
This source reports three treatments. All are shown.
Protocol 1
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993Difficulty Moderate Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around December 28, 2026 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Cold moist stratification
Duration: 90 days · Temperature: 40°F 4°C
Deno gives no length for this period; three months is his standard cycle.
- 2
Warm moist stratification
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: light
about 3 months from start to sowing. Then 8 days to germinate.
47% germination in 5–8 days.
Nine seeds of nineteen, five to eight days after the move. The best of three.
This source doesn't state how long.
Protocol 2
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993Difficulty High Rated by us, not by the source.
Start around March 15, 2027 for a May 3 last frost.
- 1
Sow on the surface — do not cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: light
No stated waiting before sowing. Then 21 days to germinate.
22% germination in 7–21 days.
Four seeds of eighteen. A cold period first roughly doubles it.
Protocol 3
DerivedN. C. Deno, 1993- 1
Sow and cover
Temperature: 70°F 21°C · Light: dark
All rotted.
No stated waiting before sowing.
0% germination.
Every seed rotted in the dark. This one needs light.